PROXY STATEMENT FOR 2024 ANNUAL MEETING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROXY STATEMENT

2023 ANNUAL MEETING

GENERAL INFORMATION

This Proxy Statement is furnished to stockholders of A. O. Smith Corporation in connection with the solicitation by its Board of Directors of proxies for use at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of our company to be held on April 9, 2024, at 8:00 a.m. (EDT). The Annual Meeting will be at the Carnegie Hotel, 1216 W. State of Franklin Road, Johnson City, Tennessee.

Under rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or “SEC”, we are furnishing proxy materials, which include our Proxy Statement and Annual Report, to our stockholders over the Internet and providing an Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) by mail. You will not receive a printed copy of the proxy materials unless you request to receive these materials in hard copy by following the instructions provided in the Notice. Instead, the Notice will instruct you how you may access and review all of the important information contained in the proxy materials. The Notice also instructs you how you may submit your proxy via the Internet. If you received a Notice by mail and would like to receive a printed copy of our proxy materials, you should follow the instructions for requesting such materials included in the Notice.

The company is mailing the Notice on or about February 29, 2024, to each stockholder at the holder’s address of record.

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Stockholders’ Meeting to be held on April 9, 2024: The Notice of 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, this Proxy Statement and our 2023 Annual Report are also available at www.proxydocs.com/aos.

Record Date

The record date for stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the meeting is the close of business on February 20, 2024 (the “Record Date”). As of the Record Date, we had issued 26,017,732 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $5 per share, 25,887,352 shares of which were outstanding and entitled to one (1) vote each for Class A Common Stock directors and other matters. As of the Record Date, we had issued 164,689,862 shares of Common Stock, par value $1 per share, 121,175,713 shares of which were outstanding and entitled to one (1) vote each for Common Stock directors and one-tenth (1/10^th) vote each for other matters.

Class Voting for Directors

Under our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as long as the number of outstanding shares of our Common Stock is at least 10% of the aggregate number of outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock and Common Stock, the holders of the Class A Common Stock and holders of the Common Stock vote as separate classes in the election of directors. The holders of our Common Stock are entitled to elect, as a class, 33 1/3% of our entire Board of Directors, rounded up to the next whole director, and the holders of our Class A Common Stock are entitled to elect the remainder of the Board. The holders of our Class A Common Stock have the right to elect the remainder of the directors of the Board pursuant to the preceding sentence as long as the number of outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock is 12.5% or more of the aggregate number of outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock and Common Stock. Stockholders are entitled to one (1) vote per share in the election of directors for their class of stock. As a result of these provisions and the shares of the two classes of our stock that are outstanding, holders of Common Stock will elect four directors at the Annual Meeting and holders of Class A Common Stock will elect six directors.

Quorum

A majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote must be represented in person or by proxy at the meeting in order to constitute a quorum for purposes of holding the Annual Meeting. The voting by stockholders at the

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meeting is conducted by the inspectors of election. Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, are counted as present in determining whether the quorum requirement is met.

Required Vote

Directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast, by proxy (whether by Internet, telephone or mail) or in person, with the holders voting as separate classes. This means that the nominees who receive the greatest number of votes cast are elected as directors. Consequently, any shares that are not voted, whether by abstention, broker non-votes or otherwise, will have no effect on the election of directors.

For all other matters considered at the meeting, both classes of stock vote together as a single class, with the Class A Common Stock entitled to one (1) vote per share and the Common Stock entitled to one-tenth (1/10^th) vote per share. The proposal to approve the compensation of our named executive officers by advisory vote, the proposal to ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm and the stockholder proposal, if properly presented at the meeting, requesting a Board report on our hiring practices with respect to formerly incarcerated people will be approved if a majority of the votes present or represented at the meeting and entitled to vote on the matter are cast in favor of the matter. On all such other matters, an abstention will have the same effect as a vote “against” but, because shares held by brokers will not be considered entitled to vote on matters as to which the beneficial owners withhold authority, a broker non-vote will have no effect on the vote.

Cost of Soliciting Proxies

The cost of soliciting proxies, including preparing, assembling and mailing the Proxy Statement, form of proxy and other soliciting materials, as well as the cost of forwarding such material to the beneficial owners of stock, will be paid by us, except for some costs associated with individual stockholders’ use of the Internet or telephone. In addition to solicitation by mail, directors, officers, regular employees and others may also, but without compensation other than their regular compensation, solicit proxies personally or by telephone or other means of electronic communication. We may reimburse brokers and others holding stock in their names or in the names of nominees for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in sending proxy materials to principals and beneficial owners.

How to Vote

Via the Internet – Stockholders of record can simplify their voting by voting their shares via the Internet as instructed in the Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials. The Internet procedures are designed to authenticate a stockholder’s identity to allow stockholders to vote their shares and confirm that their instructions have been properly recorded. Internet voting for stockholders of record is available 24 hours a day and will close at 11:59 p.m. (CDT) on April 8, 2024.

By Telephone – Stockholders of record who received a paper Proxy Card can vote their shares by a toll-free telephone number on the Proxy Card or in the voting instruction form sent by their broker, bank or other agent. Telephone voting for stockholders of record is available 24 hours a day and will close at 11:59 p.m. (CDT) on April 8, 2024.

By Mail – Stockholders of record who have received a paper Proxy Card may vote by completing, signing and dating their Proxy Card and mailing it in the pre-addressed envelope. Proxy Cards submitted by mail must be received by April 8, 2024, for your shares to be voted. Stockholders who hold shares beneficially in street name and received a voting instruction form from their broker, bank or other agent may vote by completing, signing and dating the instruction form provided by the broker, bank or other agent and mailing it in the pre-addressed envelope provided.

If you vote via the Internet, by telephone or by mailing a Proxy Card, we will vote your shares as you direct. For the election of directors, you can specify whether your shares should be voted “for” all or some of the nominees for

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director listed or you may “withhold” your vote from all or some of the nominees for director. With respect to the proposal to approve the compensation of our named executive officers by advisory vote, the proposal to ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm and the stockholder proposal, if properly presented at the meeting, requesting a Board report on our hiring practices with respect to formerly incarcerated people, you may vote “for” or “against” any proposal or you may “abstain” from voting on any proposal.

If you submit a proxy via the Internet, by telephone or by mailing a Proxy Card without indicating your instructions, we will vote your shares consistent with the recommendations of our Board of Directors as stated in this Proxy Statement. Specifically, we will vote in favor of our nominees for directors, in favor of approving the compensation of our named executive officers, in favor of the ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm, and against the stockholder proposal, if properly presented at the meeting, requesting a Board report on our hiring practices with respect to formerly incarcerated people. If any other matters are properly presented at the Annual Meeting for consideration, then our officers named on your proxy will have discretion to vote for you on those matters. As of the date of the Notice of 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, we knew of no other matters to be presented at the Annual Meeting.

At the Annual Meeting – Shares held in your name as the stockholder of record may be voted by you at the Annual Meeting. Shares held beneficially in street name may be voted by you at the Annual Meeting only if you obtain a legal proxy from the broker or other agent that holds your shares giving you the right to vote the shares. Whether you hold stock in your name or as a beneficial owner, you will need to register in advance to vote at the Annual Meeting as described below under “Attendance at Annual Meeting.”

Revocation of Proxies

You may revoke your proxy at any time before the Annual Meeting by delivering written notice of revocation or a duly executed proxy bearing a later date to the Corporate Secretary of our company or by registering in advance to vote at the Annual Meeting as described below under “Attendance at Annual Meeting” and voting at that time.

Stockholders Sharing the Same Address

SEC rules permit us to deliver only one copy of a single set of proxy materials to multiple stockholders sharing the same address. Upon written or oral request, we will promptly deliver a separate copy of our Annual Report and/or this Proxy Statement to any stockholder at a shared address to which a single copy of each document was delivered. Stockholders may notify our company of their requests by calling or writing Helen E. Gurholt, Vice President – Investor Relations and Financial Planning & Analysis, A. O. Smith Corporation, P.O. Box 245008, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53224-9508; 414-359-4000.

Attendance at Annual Meeting

All stockholders as of the Record Date, or their duly appointed proxies, may attend the Annual Meeting. You must pre-register in order to attend. To pre-register, please contact us by email at jstern@aosmith.com or by telephone at 414-359-4000 and provide your name, address, telephone number, and indicate that you plan to attend the Annual Meeting.

We will respond to all pre-registration requests and will maintain a list of verified stockholders at the Annual Meeting. To gain admission at the meeting, you must present a government-issued photo identification showing your name, address and signature for admission.

Annual Meeting pre-registration requests must be received by the end of business on Friday, April 5, 2024.

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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

The following table shows persons who may be deemed to be beneficial owners (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) of more than 5% of any class of our stock. Unless otherwise noted, the table reflects beneficial ownership as of December 31, 2023.

Information on beneficial ownership is based upon Schedules 13D or 13G filed with the SEC and any additional information that any beneficial owners may have provided to us.

The Smith family has a special interest in the long-term success of our company and their interest provides stability in the face of short-term market pressures and outside influences. As we celebrate 150 years of our company’s existence, the Smith family has remained steadfastly committed to our company’s long-term success. The Smith family and other Class A Common stockholders have shepherded our company from its beginnings as an auto frame supplier, to a diversified manufacturer, and then to a leading global water technology company. We believe the long history of Smith family involvement and ownership in the company is one of our company’s greatest strengths, allowing us to thrive for 150 years. At the same time, the role of the Smith family is limited to guidance and support. For more than 40 years, the company’s chief executive officer has not been a Smith family member. In addition, the company’s Board committees are comprised of independent directors and the company has not sought to utilize the “controlled company exemption” under the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) rules in any respect.

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ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

The Board of Directors reflects the company’s unique history and structure. In addition to a member of the Smith family (who is independent), our Board is carefully balanced with a majority of independent directors who reflect the global strength and diversity of our business, including two new directors in 2021, one new director in 2023, and an additional two new directors in 2024, if elected at the Annual Meeting, all of whom bring fresh perspectives to the Board. Earl E. Exum also joined our Board as a new director in 2022, but died on October 1, 2023. Further, with the retirement of current director Idelle K. Wolf¹, Ajita G. Rajendra has agreed to remain on our Board beyond the normal retirement date, assuming he is re-elected at the Annual Meeting, so as to provide balance and the perspective of a seasoned Board member. Finally, the Board is rounded out with our current Chief Executive Officer, who ensures consistency in the oversight of the business and complements the perspectives of our independent directors.

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Election of Directors

The Board of Directors currently consists of nine directors. At the 2024 Annual Meeting, ten directors are to be elected to serve until the next succeeding Annual Meeting of Stockholders and thereafter until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified. Owners of Common Stock are entitled to elect four directors, and owners of Class A Common Stock are entitled to elect the six remaining directors.

It is intended that proxies we are soliciting will be voted for the election of the nominees named below. Proxies will not be voted for a greater number of persons than the ten nominees named below. All nominees have consented to being named in this Proxy Statement and to serve if elected. If any nominee for election as a director shall become unavailable to serve as a director, then proxies will be voted for such substitute nominee as the Board of Directors may nominate.

The Board of Directors has nominated Mr. Todd W. Fister and Ms. Lois Martin, neither of whom has previously served as a director on our Board, for election at the Annual Meeting as Class A Common Stock directors. Ms. Wolf, who is currently a director, has reached the mandatory director retirement age under our Corporate Governance Guidelines and, therefore, will not be nominated for re-election at the Annual Meeting and is retiring as a result. Our company and the Board would like to thank Ms. Wolf for her many contributions, including her insight, direction, steady guidance and unwavering commitment to accounting compliance at our company. During her 19 years on our Board, our company has transformed itself into a global water technology company while meeting the challenge of fundamental accounting and regulatory changes. Her impact on our company is long-lasting.

Set forth below is information regarding the business experience of each nominee for director that has been furnished to us by the respective nominee. Each nominee has been principally engaged in the employment indicated for the last five years unless otherwise stated. Also set forth below for each nominee is a discussion of the experience, qualifications, attributes or skills that led to the conclusion that the nominee should serve as a director.

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NOMINEES – CLASS A COMMON STOCK

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Election of Directors

NOMINEES – COMMON STOCK

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GOVERNANCE OF OUR COMPANY

The Board of Directors

Our business is managed under the direction and oversight of the Board of Directors, who are elected by the stockholders. Directors meet their responsibilities by participating in meetings of the Board of Directors and Board Committees on which they sit, through communication with our chairman and chief executive officer and other officers and employees, by consulting with our independent registered public accounting firm and other third parties, by reviewing materials provided to them and by visiting our offices and plants. During 2023, the Board held eight meetings, five of which were regular Board meetings and three of which were special meetings. The standing Committees of the Board of Directors held a total of 19 meetings, including three special meetings. All directors attended all of the meetings of the Board and Committees on which they served during 2023, with the sole exception of one director who had an unavoidable business conflict with one meeting. Although we have no formal policy on director attendance, all continuing directors attended our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

The nonmanagement directors of the Board met in executive session without management present five times in 2023 in conjunction with each of its regular meetings. In 2023, the Nominating and Governance Committee modified its Corporate Governance Guidelines with respect to selection of the Presiding Director who presides at such meetings. To provide continuity, particularly considering the recent addition of several new Board members, the Presiding Director serves for a two-year term and rotates among the chairpersons of the following Committees in the following order: Audit Committee, Personnel and Compensation Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee. The Presiding Director from April 2022 to April 2024 was Idelle K. Wolf, the chairperson of the Audit Committee. Ronald D. Brown, the chairperson of the Personnel and Compensation Committee will serve as the Presiding Director from April 2024 to April 2026. Any party wishing to communicate with the Presiding Director may send correspondence to the Presiding Director, c/o James F. Stern, Corporate Secretary, A. O. Smith Corporation, 11270 West Park Place, P.O. Box 245008, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53224-9508.

Director Independence and Financial Literacy. The Smith Family Voting Trust has the power to elect a majority of our Class A Directors, who make up a majority of the Board. As of December 31, 2023, the Smith Family Voting Trust directly or beneficially owned 96.9% of Class A Common Stock and therefore 96.9% of voting power with respect to the election of the Class A Directors. Since the Board is currently composed of six Class A Directors and four Common Stock Directors, the Smith Family Voting Trust effectively exercises control over voting power for a majority of the members of our Board of Directors, and therefore, we have qualified as a “controlled company” under the NYSE rules. As a controlled company, under NYSE rules, we may choose to not have a majority of independent directors or compensation or governance committees consisting solely of independent directors. Notwithstanding our status as a controlled company, the Board has not elected to utilize the “controlled company” exemption in any respect because, as described below, we have a Board in which a majority of our members consist of independent directors, and all members of the Audit Committee, Personnel and Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Governance Committee are independent for SEC and NYSE purposes.

As described in the Corporate Governance Guidelines available on our website, www.aosmith.com, we apply the NYSE rules to determine director independence. The Nominating and Governance Committee (“Committee”) annually evaluates the independence of each director and makes recommendations to the Board. As part of this process, the Committee evaluates any related party transactions disclosed by directors in the detailed Directors’ and Officers’ Questionnaires completed annually by each director. There were no transactions above the reporting threshold for related party transactions under SEC rules. In making its recommendations, the Committee also applied the NYSE rules and evaluated any other legal, accounting and family relationships between directors and our company. In particular, the Board and Committee considered that Christopher Mapes is the executive chairman of Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc. Our company has a longstanding contractual relationship with Lincoln Electric subsidiaries to purchase welding supplies, which was entered into in arms’ length transactions following competitive bidding and commenced before he joined our Board. The Board and Committee determined that this relationship is not material and does not affect his independence. The Committee also considered that two directors, Victoria Holt and Ajita Rajendra, are directors of Waste Management, Inc. and Donaldson Company, Inc.,

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respectively, from which we purchase services and supplies in arm’s length transactions in the ordinary course of business. Since their interests arise solely from their director positions, the Board and the Committee determined that these relationships are not material and do not affect their independence.

The Committee and the Board also considered that Mark Smith is a trustee of the Smith Family Voting Trust and that he and his descendants are also beneficiaries of material economic interests associated with the Class A Common Stock subject to this Trust. The members of the Committee and Board (other than Mr. Smith) concluded that such voting power and interests do not impair the independence of Mr. Smith and that the economic interests in stock of the company of which he and his descendants are beneficiaries align his interests with those of stockholders generally, consistent with NYSE Commentary to Rule 303A.02 (Independence Tests) which states that “the Exchange does not view ownership of even a significant amount of stock, by itself, as a bar to an independence finding.”

The Board has determined that Messrs. Brown, Larsen, Mapes, Rajendra and Smith, Dr. Kadri and Ms. Holt meet the NYSE independence requirements. With respect to Mr. Fister and Ms. Martin, new director nominees, the Board determined that both meet the NYSE independence requirements. Finally, Mr. Wheeler is considered a management director by virtue of his current position as an executive officer of our company.

The Board recognizes that the NYSE rules require financial literacy of Audit Committee members only. Notwithstanding that, as a best practice, the Board has reviewed the qualifications and experience of all of the Board members and determined that each director is financially literate within the meaning of the NYSE rules.

Board Composition. We believe that the makeup of the Board should be tailored to our company’s evolving needs. Our goal is a mix of tenure, diversity, skills and experience on the Board, with a balance of longer-tenured, experienced directors and newer directors with fresh perspectives. Our Nominating and Governance Committee regularly reviews the experience and expertise of our Board and considers the ongoing and evolving needs of the company as well as appropriate changes based on those needs and the requirements of our Corporate Governance Guidelines, including those mandating that, absent a waiver by the Board, directors not stand for election beyond age 72. The addition of Ms. Holt and Mr. Larsen in 2021 and Mr. Mapes in 2023 brought fresh perspectives to our Board, as will Mr. Fister and Ms. Martin, assuming they are elected by our stockholders at our 2024 Annual Meeting. Further, to provide balance, in light of his extensive experience at our company and knowledge of our business, we have asked Mr. Rajendra to stand for re-election this year, and he has agreed to do so.

We believe that we have an appropriate mix of shorter-tenured directors who bring a fresh perspective and longer-tenured directors with experience and institutional knowledge. Our commitment to Board refreshment is reflected in the fact that the average director tenure has been reduced from 14.1 in 2020 to 8.1 this year, presuming our director nominees are elected by our stockholders at our 2024 Annual Meeting. With respect to our longer-tenured directors, we believe their long-term perspective has been an advantage to us as we entered new markets, providing both historical perspective and a better understanding of upcoming challenges. Further, we believe that long-term service does not adversely affect director independence. With their in-depth knowledge of the company, these directors are comfortable speaking up and asking probing questions, which we believe improves the ability of the Board to provide constructive guidance and informed oversight. Further, given the voting power exercised by the Smith Family Voting Trust, representation of Mark Smith on our Board works to align the interests of our largest stockholder with those of the Board, through his exposure to the company’s strategic and operational planning and decision-making, and his active participation in the governance of the company. To balance our three longer-tenured independent directors, we will have six independent directors (assuming Mr. Fister and Ms. Martin, the new director nominees, are elected at the Annual Meeting) who joined our Board within the last seven years. They have brought new skills, fresh perspectives and diversity to our Board. For all these reasons, we believe that our Board has struck the right balance as to director tenure.

We also have a former chief executive officer, Mr. Rajendra, serving on our Board, who, in accordance with NYSE rules, is considered an independent director as of May 1, 2023, three years after his retirement from our

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Governance of Our Company

company. We believe Mr. Rajendra’s participation on our Board provides a significant benefit to our company, complementing the perspectives of our executive leadership and the members of our Board who have joined us in the past several years. Mr. Rajendra presided over a period of highly profitable growth for our company and provides an invaluable perspective.

Board Information and Stockholder Communications. We are committed to making our corporate governance information accessible to stockholders and other interested parties. Accordingly, on our website, www.aosmith.com, under the “Investors” heading, and then “Governance” subheading, we have published the A. O. Smith Corporation Guiding Principles and the Financial Code of Ethics and provided a link entitled “Stockholder Contacts” to communicate with directors. Likewise, under “Investors,” “Governance,” and then “Board of Directors,” we have provided a list of the members of our Board of Directors. Further, under the “Board Committees and Charters” subheading, we have Committee Assignments, the Charters for the Audit, Nominating and Governance, and Personnel and Compensation Committees, Corporate Governance Guidelines and Criteria for Selecting Board of Director Candidates. Finally, SEC filings, including our Form 10-K, Forms 10-Q, Forms 8-K, Proxy Statement and Section 16 filings, are available for review on this website under the heading “Investors,” and then “SEC Filings” subheading. Stockholders may also request that these documents be mailed by sending their request to the address provided below.

We encourage communication with our directors. Any interested party may communicate with a particular director, all directors, nonmanagement or independent directors as a group or the Presiding Director by mail or courier addressed to him/her or the entire Board in care of the Corporate Secretary at the following address:

c/o James F. Stern, Corporate Secretary

A. O. Smith Corporation

11270 West Park Place

P.O. Box 245008

Milwaukee, WI 53224-9508

The Corporate Secretary will forward this communication unopened to the addressed director.

Procedure for Review of Related Party Transactions. Potential conflicts of interest must be approved in advance, including related party transactions reportable under SEC rules, or related to the Smith family, in accordance with

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our Corporate Governance Guidelines. We have a detailed code of conduct, the A. O. Smith Corporation Guiding Principles, which applies to all employees, officers and directors, and specifically addresses conflicts of interest. There has been no waiver of the code of conduct, requested or granted, for any directors or officers. Further, the Corporate Governance Guidelines provide the procedure for review of related party transactions reportable under SEC rules, with approval by the Nominating and Governance Committee required if any such transaction involves a director, executive officer or his/her immediate family members. Other than the matters identified in “Director Independence and Financial Literacy,” each of which was reviewed by the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Board and determined to not be material, there have been no related party transactions.

Potential Director Candidates. The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider any candidate recommended by stockholders, directors, officers, third-party search firms and other sources for nomination as a director. The Committee considers the needs of the Board and evaluates each director candidate in light of, among other things, the candidate’s qualifications. All candidates’ minimum qualifications are identified in the Corporate Governance Guidelines and the Criteria for Selecting Board of Director Candidates, both of which can be found on our website by clicking on “Investors,” then “Governance,” followed by “Board Committees and Charters.” To summarize, all nonmanagement candidates should be independent and possess substantial and significant experience which would be of value to our company in the performance of the duties of a director. Recommended candidates must be of the highest character and integrity, free of any conflicts of interest, have an inquiring mind and vision, and possess the ability to work collaboratively with others. Further, directors should have diverse backgrounds and expertise, including diversity of gender and race, required for the Board to fulfill its duties. Each candidate must have the time available to devote to Board activities and be of an age that, if elected, the candidate could serve on the Board for at least five years before reaching the mandatory retirement age, which is 72, absent a waiver approved by the Board. Finally, we believe it appropriate for certain key members of our management to participate as members of the Board, while recognizing that a majority of independent directors must be maintained at all times. All candidates will be reviewed in the same manner, regardless of the source of the recommendation. Although not part of any formal policy, our goal is a balanced and diverse Board, with members whose skills, background and experience are complementary and, together, cover the spectrum of areas that impact our business.

A stockholder recommendation of a director candidate must be received no later than the date for submission of stockholder proposals. Please see the section of this Proxy Statement entitled “Dates for Stockholder Proposals.” The recommendation letter should be sent by mail to the Chairperson, Nominating and Governance Committee, c/o James F. Stern, Corporate Secretary, A. O. Smith Corporation, 11270 West Park Place, P.O. Box 245008, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53224-9508.

The recommendation letter must, at a minimum, provide the stockholder’s name, address, the number and class of shares owned; the candidate’s biographical information, including name, residential and business addresses, telephone number, age, education, accomplishments, employment history (including positions held and current position), and current and former directorships; and the stockholder’s opinion as to whether the stockholder recommended candidate meets the definitions of “independent” and “financially literate” under the NYSE rules. In addition, the recommendation letter must provide the information that would be required to be disclosed in the solicitation of proxies for election of directors under federal securities laws. The stockholder must include the candidate’s statement that he/she meets these requirements and those identified on our website; is willing to promptly complete the Questionnaire required of all officers, directors and candidates for nomination to the Board; will provide such other information as the Committee may reasonably request; and consents to serve on the Board if elected.

A stockholder who desires to nominate a candidate for election as a director must comply with the provisions of our By-laws described under the section of this Proxy Statement entitled “Dates for Stockholder Proposals.”

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Governance of Our Company

Board Committees

The Board of Directors has delegated some of its authority to Committees of the Board. There are three standing Committees: the Audit Committee, the Personnel and Compensation Committee, and the Nominating and Governance Committee. Each standing committee is discussed below. The Board has approved changes in Committee membership and chairpersons assuming the director nominees are elected by stockholders at the Annual Meeting. These anticipated committee assignments are also discussed below.

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Governance of Our Company

Our Leadership Structure

Kevin J. Wheeler holds the combined position of chairman and chief executive officer. He assumed the role of chairman in 2020 in addition to president and chief executive officer, which he became in 2018. This structure completed a long planned and orderly succession process of our company leadership, as a result of which we have a single strong leader who represents our company. We have traditionally used this leadership structure, which we believe benefits our stockholders, customers and other key stakeholders by having a single well-recognized and regarded leader.

While we realize that the chairman position is held by an executive officer, we believe the independent members of our Board and the three standing Board Committees provide appropriate oversight. In this regard, the Audit Committee oversees the accounting and financial reporting processes, as well as legal and compliance matters. The Personnel and Compensation Committee oversees the annual performance of our chairman and chief executive officer, as well as our executive compensation program, and oversees our retirement and savings plans. The Nominating and Governance Committee evaluates independence issues and monitors matters such as the composition and performance of the Board and its Committees, as well as the company’s Environmental, Social and Governance program. Each Committee is led by an independent chairperson other than the chairman and chief executive officer and, as discussed in more detail in this Proxy Statement, the entire Board of Directors is actively involved in overseeing our risk management. Altogether, we believe this framework strikes a sound balance with appropriate oversight.

Further, we have a Presiding Director who is an independent director and chairs meetings of all nonmanagement directors in executive session, and consults with the chairman on Board agendas, materials and topics, as well as provides feedback from the meeting of the independent directors. In 2023, each regular Board meeting included a

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nonmanagement directors’ session. This allows directors to speak candidly on any matter of interest, without the chairman and chief executive officer or other management present. In accordance with our Corporate Governance Guidelines, the role of Presiding Director rotates among committee chairs every two years, to provide continuity in director oversight. We believe this structure provides consistent and effective oversight of our management and our company.

Our directors bring a broad range of leadership experience to the boardroom and regularly contribute to the thoughtful discussion involved in overseeing the affairs of our company. We believe all Board members are well-engaged in their responsibilities, and all Board members express their views and are open to the opinions expressed by other directors. We conduct a robust evaluation of our Board annually to help ensure that the Board is open and well-functioning and to identify and address any director concerns. We do not believe that appointing an independent board chairman, or a permanent Presiding Director, would improve the performance of the Board.

Consideration of Risk

Our Board is actively involved in overseeing our risk management. In 2023, areas of particular focus for the Board included oversight of the company’s assessment of the risk of doing business in China, including marketplace, operational and geopolitical considerations, as well as oversight of the company’s Environmental, Social and Governance program, global privacy program and cybersecurity matters.

We seek to identify and address significant and material risks through our Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) process. Our ERM process assesses, manages and monitors risks consistent with the integrated risk framework in the Enterprise Risk Management – Integrated Framework (2017) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). We believe that risk-taking is an inherent aspect of the pursuit of our strategy. Our goal is to avoid risks and, if not, to prudently manage such risks.

Senior management prioritizes identified risks and assigns an executive to address each major identified risk area and lead action plans to manage risks. Senior management presents on these risks to the Board at a majority of meetings each year. Our Board of Directors provides oversight of the ERM process and reviews and actively engages in discussion of significant identified risks to the company.

In addition, each of our Board Committees considers risk within its area of responsibility. For instance, our Audit Committee asks management to address a specific critical accounting issue at most of its meetings and considers the overall impact that the issue has on our financial position and risk profile. In addition, they discuss legal and compliance matters and assess the adequacy of our risk-related internal controls. The Audit Committee oversees the frequency and creation of surveys by management of ERM matters and reviews with the Board and management the company’s ERM program, including specific risk topics that are addressed in presentations to the Board, including information security risk and privacy compliance. Likewise, the Nominating and Governance Committee annually reviews governance practices with respect to risk and oversight. The Nominating and Governance Committee also provides oversight for risks related to environmental, social and governance matters. Additionally, on an annual basis, the Nominating and Governance Committee reviews our company’s and Board Committees’ structures to ensure appropriate oversight of risk. The Personnel and Compensation Committee considers risk and structures our executive compensation programs with an eye to providing incentives to appropriately reward executives for profitable revenue growth without undue risk-taking. Each year, the Personnel and Compensation Committee also performs a risk assessment with respect to all of our incentive compensation programs globally and reviews the executive succession process. The Personnel and Compensation Committee also provides oversight on the risk and return of our investments for retirement plans and our recoupment (“clawback”) policy for incentive compensation.

Further, our approach to compensation practices and policies applicable to employees throughout our organization is consistent with that followed for executives. In this regard, the Personnel and Compensation Committee analyzed our compensation and, among other things, concluded that no individual business segment carries a

2024 Proxy Statement  19

Governance of Our Company

significant portion of our risk profile; has significantly different compensation structure from the others; pays compensation expenses as a significant percentage of its revenue; or varies significantly from the overall risk and reward structure of our company. Accordingly, we believe that risks arising from our operating environment and our incentive programs are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our company.

We typically benchmark our compensation and benefits packages at all levels of the organization every year. Base pay, bonus targets and long-term incentives are targeted to market median for each position. Most exempt salaried positions are eligible for participation in a bonus program. For employees in a corporate function, 2023 annual incentive programs were based upon attainment of the same net sales and earnings before interest and taxes (“EBIT”) targets as our executives. Annual incentive programs at our business segments are based upon attainment of business unit net sales and earnings before interest and taxes (“PEBIT”), financial and strategic objectives established and approved annually. A limited number of key managers below the executive level are eligible to participate in a long-term incentive program that awards restricted stock units in varying amounts based upon position and market comparisons. However, awards normally are subject to at least a three-year cliff vesting or pro rata vesting period. We feel this combination of base salary, bonus plans tied to critical financial measurements and long-term incentives with three-year vesting periods is balanced and serves to motivate our employees to accomplish our company objectives and retain key employees while avoiding unreasonable risk-taking.

Cybersecurity Risk Assessment and Oversight

Our company analyzes and assesses information security risks associated with our business on an ongoing basis. As part of our program, our company routinely tests our controls and information systems. We also provide information security training for our salaried employees annually, conduct monthly phishing simulations, and provide periodic cybersecurity communications to all salaried employees.

Our Board recognizes the importance of maintaining the trust and confidence of our customers, employees, and suppliers with respect to our information security and, as a part of its oversight, devotes considerable time and attention to cybersecurity. The Board received one comprehensive briefing on information systems and cybersecurity in 2023, including outside legal experts in the field. In addition, at every meeting, the Audit Committee meets with management to review and oversee risk exposures related to information security, cybersecurity and data protection, and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures. This includes Committee review of training, risk assessment, internal controls, security software, incident response plans and forward-looking information security strategies. The company also performs periodic cybersecurity assessments against nationally recognized industry standards. Additionally, our procedures require our Board to be notified of any material breach of our information systems. While the company has experienced information security incidents and attacks, and may in the future, the company has not experienced any material information security incidents or breaches.

20  A. O. Smith Corporation

Governance of Our Company

Our Commitment to Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability

We are committed to growing our business in a sustainable and socially responsible manner consistent with our Guiding Principles. This commitment has driven us to design, engineer and manufacture highly innovative and efficient products in an environmentally responsible manner that helps reduce energy consumption, conserve water and improve drinking water quality and public health. Consistent with this commitment, we issue our sustainability report biennially detailing our company’s historical and current efforts. We issued our third report, the 2022 Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) Report in December 2022, documenting our ESG activities over the two years prior to the report, and plan to issue our fourth report later in 2024. These reports detail the positive impact of our highly efficient products, highlight our company’s commitment to employees and the communities in which we operate, and report on our progress toward our goals. In 2024, we will continue to report on our greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal of 10% by 2025 and will also discuss our water stewardship goal. Our scorecard reflecting our progress is available on our website.   To hold ourselves accountable, we have established ESG oversight at the Board and management levels. In 2018, we formed an ESG Council comprised of a cross-section of leaders from operations; product engineering; environment, health and safety; legal affairs; investor relations; human resources and supply chain. In 2023, we assessed and expanded where appropriate Council membership. The Council makes recommendations about ESG priorities and goals, key performance indicators and potential reporting enhancements, while also identifying improvement areas regarding our ESG activities. Our director of ESG manages the Council and reports directly to our executive vice president and chief financial officer, who chairs the ESG Council. Our ESG Council is accountable to our chief executive officer and our Board. The Board provides oversight of the company’s ESG efforts, receives annual sustainability updates, and reviews the company’s ESG efforts including its periodic ESG reports. In 2023, the Board received one comprehensive briefing on ESG reporting and initiatives.   In 2023, the Board added an element to the executive long-term incentive compensation program to reward our executives for performance against critical strategic issues facing our company. For 2023, that measure was the greenhouse gas emission reduction goal established in our 2020 ESG report.   Our ESG reports are available on our website, www.aosmith.com, the contents of which are not incorporated by reference into this Proxy Statement.

2024 Proxy Statement  21

Governance of Our Company

Public Policy and Regulatory Advocacy

As a leading, global water technology manufacturing company, we believe we have a responsibility as a good corporate citizen to participate in the public policy and regulatory process. Accordingly, we engage and advocate on public policy and regulatory issues that are core to our businesses through ongoing, constructive, and transparent interactions with government officials, policymakers, industry and trade associations and other stakeholder groups. These engagements are grounded in and guided by our commitment to strong corporate governance, compliance with our Guiding Principles, and respect and adherence to applicable laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate globally.

We believe that involvement in industry and trade associations is beneficial to our business, and, therefore, we participate as a member in a number of these organizations. Our participation in an organization may be, in whole or in part, to advance collaborative and constructive approaches to industry engagement with policymakers and other stakeholders to help advance the company’s business goals. We pay membership dues to a number of trade associations and industry groups that may use these funds at their discretion to fund political activities. However, our membership in an organization does not imply our endorsement of all of the policy positions of that particular group. We review these memberships annually to assess their business value and alignment with the company’s overall public policy agenda.

We also maintain and administer the A. O. Smith Political Action Committee (“AOSPAC”). The AOSPAC was created to allow our eligible employees and directors to act together in supporting candidates who seek to advance public policies that are supportive of our employees, products and the communities in which we live and work. Governed by a board of directors and a set of bylaws, the AOSPAC complies with applicable laws, including with respect to registration and the filing of required information with the Federal Election Commission.

22  A. O. Smith Corporation

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Overview

The Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for reviewing and making recommendations to the Board as to director compensation, which is reviewed annually. Nonemployee directors are compensated in the form of cash and shares of Common Stock. Management directors receive no compensation for their service on our Board.

For 2023, the Board approved the Committee’s recommendation to make no changes in its director compensation program. Current director compensation is set forth below. All cash retainers are paid quarterly. The equity retainer is paid in the form of shares of our Common Stock upon a director’s election to the Board after each annual meeting of stockholders.

NONEMPLOYEE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION STRUCTURE

Director Compensation

2024 Proxy Statement  23

Director Compensation

The Board requires that every new director participate in a detailed orientation, including visits to our key operations. This encompasses a review of business and financial operations, meetings with business executives and others, and an overview of our corporate governance policies and procedures. New directors receive no additional compensation for their participation in orientation matters.

The stock ownership requirement for directors is five times the applicable cash retainer received by the director in the last year. Each director is required to acquire beneficial ownership of A. O. Smith Corporation Common Stock having an aggregate value equal to this stock ownership requirement within five years of his or her election as a new director. All directors have met this requirement, except Ms. Holt, who joined our Board three years ago and Mr. Mapes, who joined last year. Both are on track to meet this requirement.

Certain directors have elected to defer the payment of their fees and receipt of Common Stock shares under the A. O. Smith Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”). The Deferred Compensation Plan allows directors to defer all or a portion (not less than 25%) of their fees until a later date, but not later than the year in which the director ceases service as a director. Payments can be made in a lump sum or in not more than 10 annual installments. This is handled as a bookkeeping entry, with gains and losses credited to the director’s account each month based on the director’s crediting election. The crediting election is used to designate the investment fund(s) as the basis for calculating the rate of return equivalent for the director’s account. Mr. Exum elected to defer payment of his director fees during 2023. Mr. Brown, Ms. Holt and Mr. Larsen have deferred receipt of their stock awards in 2023, which consequently are treated as restricted stock units. Dividends on stock which have been deferred as restricted stock units are also received in the form of restricted stock units based on the average of the high and low price of our Common Stock on the date of the dividend.

24  A. O. Smith Corporation

STOCK OWNERSHIP

Security Ownership of Directors and Management

The following table shows, as of December 31, 2023, the Class A Common Stock and Common Stock of our company beneficially owned by each director, each nominee for director, each named executive officer in the “Summary Compensation Table” and by all directors and executive officers as a group.

2024 Proxy Statement  25

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

26  A. O. Smith Corporation

Executive Compensation

Compensation Philosophy

We believe that effective executive compensation programs are critical to our long-term success. We have developed compensation programs with the following objectives:

Our long-term incentive opportunities link a significant portion of executive compensation to our performance through restricted stock unit and performance stock awards. Executive officers also are expected to comply with established stock ownership guidelines which require acquisition and retention of specific levels of our Common Stock. Our view is that this stock ownership aligns the interests of our management team with our stockholders and encourages executive performance but discourages executives from taking undue risk.

We believe executive total compensation opportunity should increase commensurate with responsibility and capacity to influence our results. Additionally, as responsibility and accountability increase, so should the portion of compensation which is at risk. Therefore, not only do base salaries increase with position and responsibility, but short-term and long-term incentive opportunities as a percentage of total compensation increase as well.

Our executive compensation package is designed to strike a balance between short-term cash compensation in the form of fixed salaries and variable annual incentive plans and long-term compensation in the form of cash-based performance units and equity awards with three-year vesting periods. For the chairman and chief executive officer, approximately 15% of 2023 total target compensation was comprised of base salary, with the remaining 85% being variable compensation dependent on our company performance. The variable compensation was divided so that approximately 18% of total target compensation was attributable to annual incentive bonus and approximately 67% was long-term incentive compensation.

For the other named executive officers, approximately 25-35% of total target compensation was comprised of base salary, with the remaining 65-75% being based on our company performance. The variable compensation is structured so that approximately 20% of total target compensation represents annual incentive bonus, with roughly 45-55% attributable to long-term incentive compensation.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION MIX

The Personnel and Compensation Committee (“PCC”) approved a long-term incentive plan for 2023 which targeted 65% of the chairman and chief executive officer’s long-term incentives, or approximately 44% of total compensation, as equity-based awards. The PCC targeted 65% of the long-term incentives, or approximately 30-35% of total target compensation, as equity-based awards for the other named executive officers.

2024 Proxy Statement  27

Executive Compensation

EXECUTIVE CASH / EQUITY MIX

We believe this combination results in a competitive compensation package that provides an incentive for our executives to lead with a focus on short-term results, while positioning us for long-term sustained performance. With approximately 30-44% of their total compensation tied to equity awards, we believe the decisions of named executive officers are aligned with the best interests of our stockholders. We believe this combination of base pay and short-term and long-term incentives supports our objectives of pay-for-performance, while mitigating the potential for undue risk-taking because it ties a significant portion of the executive officer’s compensation to sustained, long-term performance.

Outside Consultants

Just as we compete for market share in highly competitive global markets, we compete for talent in equally competitive labor environments. In order to attract and retain critical leadership in these competitive environments, we strive to provide a comprehensive and competitive total compensation package. We utilize the resources of an independent compensation consultant to aid in establishing our programs and to monitor how they compare with the marketplace. Specifically, the PCC has retained Willis Towers Watson, a leading global executive compensation consulting group, to advise the PCC on market trends relative to executive compensation, provide market data, as requested, and share input and views on issues being discussed by the PCC.

The PCC has sole authority to approve the independent compensation consultant’s fees and terms of engagement on executive compensation matters. The PCC annually reviews its relationship with Willis Towers Watson to ensure its independence on executive compensation matters, taking into account the independence analysis and recommendation of the Nominating and Governance Committee (“NGC”). In making its recommendation, the NGC reviewed the independence of Willis Towers Watson and the individual representatives of Willis Towers Watson who served as the PCC’s advisors, considering the following specific factors: (i) other services provided to us by Willis Towers Watson; (ii) fees paid by us to Willis Towers Watson as a percentage of Willis Towers Watson’s total revenue; (iii) policies and procedures maintained by Willis Towers Watson that are designed to prevent a conflict of interest; (iv) any business or personal relationships between the individual representatives of Willis Towers Watson who advised the PCC and any member of the PCC; (v) any shares of our company’s Common Stock owned by the individual representatives; and (vi) any business or personal relationships between our executive officers and Willis Towers Watson or the individual representatives.

We paid Willis Towers Watson $93,260 in fees in 2023 for consulting services provided to the PCC regarding executive compensation matters, including consulting on our long-term incentive plans. Management subscribes to various Willis Towers Watson compensation databases. Additionally, management utilizes Willis Towers Watson in various consulting capacities related to employee benefits programs and nonexecutive salaried employee compensation. The following table sets forth the fees we paid to Willis Towers Watson in 2023 for services other than those provided to the PCC.

28  A. O. Smith Corporation

Executive Compensation

Willis Towers Watson has informed us that the Willis Towers Watson personnel who provide advice to us on executive and director compensation matters are separate from and do not provide other compensation services to our company, nor do they serve as our account manager. The PCC does not approve the services provided by Willis Towers Watson outside the executive compensation advisory role to the PCC but is aware these services are provided.

The PCC concluded, based on the evaluation described above and recommendation from the NGC, that these nonexecutive compensation services performed by Willis Towers Watson did not raise a conflict of interest or impair Willis Towers Watson’s ability to provide independent advice to the PCC regarding executive compensation matters. The PCC’s conclusion was based on a representation letter provided by Willis Towers Watson, the limited scope of the other services provided to us by Willis Towers Watson, the small percentage of Willis Towers Watson’s revenues represented by the fees paid by us, the separation within Willis Towers Watson between its compensation consulting business and its other businesses, the absence of any conflicting relationships between the individual representatives of Willis Towers Watson who provided advice to the PCC or Willis Towers Watson, on the one hand, and members of the PCC or our executive officers, on the other, and review of director and executive officer responses to our annual Directors’ and Officers’ Questionnaire.

Benchmarking

We endeavor to benchmark our executive compensation against similarly situated executives in comparably sized organizations. We believe we compete for executive resources with other nonfinancial institutions across multiple industrial segments. With that in mind, our consultants utilize broad-based, general industry salary surveys and regress their data to organizations with revenues similar to A. O. Smith. We believe market median is an appropriate target for our total compensation program. We attempt to design both short-term and long-term incentives to produce rewards in excess of median market levels when company performance is better than target. The PCC authorized Willis Towers Watson to perform a detailed analysis of our executive compensation levels in 2023, as we do each year.

As we describe below, the PCC asked Willis Towers Watson to provide input on marketplace trends in executive compensation, and overall compensation and components of compensation for 13 executive positions.

We utilize Willis Towers Watson because we believe its survey resources ensure consistent and statistically valid data that is representative of the market in which we compete for executive talent. Its database includes a broad array of over 800 companies. We did not rely on a specific subgroup of peer companies within that database. In working with Willis Towers Watson, we played no role in selecting the companies for which the data was obtained.

For 2023 compensation, Willis Towers Watson performed a regression analysis to reflect base pay levels of an organization with $3.5 billion in revenue and reported its findings to the PCC in October 2022. Its comparison focused on overall compensation, as well as base salary, annual incentive bonus, equity awards and each of the other compensation elements discussed below. We believe its methodology provides appropriate comparisons by utilizing industrial companies of comparable size and referencing databases with comparable executive officer positions.

For 2023, the PCC targeted our overall compensation and benefits programs and each element of compensation at the median level of the surveyed companies. Since a number of variables can influence the relationship of an individual executive’s pay components to the survey median data, the PCC considers a range of 80% to 120% of median to be appropriate when reviewing total compensation. Although the PCC attempts to have each component of compensation in this target range, the PCC puts greater emphasis on achieving the target at the total compensation level. Variables considered include, but are not limited to, education, position tenure, previous experience, level of performance, additional responsibilities and, as appropriate, recruitment considerations.

For 2024, we compared ourselves to the market median of other companies with revenues of $3.75 billion, which represents our reported revenues in 2022.

2024 Proxy Statement  29

Executive Compensation

Consideration of Stockholder Vote on Executive Compensation

At our 2023 Annual Meeting, our stockholders approved the compensation of our named executive officers by approximately 95% of the votes cast, which was consistent with previous years. The PCC considered this vote when setting 2024 compensation levels for our named executive officers and other executives and, as discussed below, made very few changes to the 2024 program.

Role of Executives in Compensation Decisions

The PCC annually reviews the chairman and chief executive officer performance and makes recommendations regarding his compensation for consideration by the full Board. The chairman and chief executive officer is not present during discussions regarding his compensation and he does not play any role in determining his own compensation. As it deems appropriate, the PCC utilizes the Willis Towers Watson compensation data and directs the senior vice president – human resources and public affairs to prepare computations for its consideration. With respect to other executives, the chairman and chief executive officer annually reviews performance and makes compensation recommendations to the PCC. The chairman and chief executive officer reviews compensation data provided by Willis Towers Watson, consults with the senior vice president – human resources and public affairs and considers the individual factors listed above before making his recommendations. The PCC can exercise its discretion to modify any recommended compensation to such executives.

Compensation Elements

The PCC takes a balanced approach to executive compensation. Our executive compensation package is comprised of several key components which are designed to work together to provide executives with a total compensation package that is competitive with industry norms. For 2023, total compensation included:

Each of these components of the executive compensation package is discussed below.

Base Salary

Base salary provides the executive with a consistent, market competitive stream of income on a semimonthly basis. Absent unusual circumstances, we review base salary levels annually, with adjustments effective January 1. The chairman and chief executive officer considers each senior executive individually for base salary actions and recommends appropriate adjustments. The PCC annually evaluates the appropriate base salary for the chairman and chief executive officer and reviews and approves the chairman and chief executive officer’s recommendations for the other named executive officers. When considering base salary increases, consideration is given to experience, individual performance, level of contribution, pay levels relative to market pay practices, as well as our overall financial condition. While the chairman and chief executive officer recommends compensation adjustments for the other named executive officers, his recommendations must be approved and authorized by the PCC. The chairman and chief executive officer and the PCC rely upon competitive survey data from Willis Towers Watson and their own diverse experiences with executive compensation when making compensation decisions.

30  A. O. Smith Corporation

Executive Compensation

In reviewing and approving individual base salary adjustments for the named executive officers for 2023, the PCC relied upon salary data for comparable positions from the 2022 Willis Towers Watson Executive Compensation Database, which was aged 4.0% to reflect anticipated market movement from the 2022 survey through year-end 2023. Effective January 1, 2023, the PCC authorized increases of 4.0% to Messrs. Wheeler, Lauber and Stern; 4.3% for Mr. Warren and 4.1% for Mr. Petrarca.

In reviewing 2024 base salaries at its December 2023 meeting, the PCC approved increases of 4.0% for Messrs. Wheeler, Lauber, Stern, Warren and Petrarca. Based upon input from Willis Towers Watson, we believe that the 2024 base salaries for our named executive officers are in the aggregate approximately 105% of the projected market median. This is within our desired target range of 80% to 120%. Further, we anticipate the market increase for base salaries to average 4.0% in 2024, which we took into account in determining 2024 salaries.

Executive Incentive Compensation

We include both annual and long-term incentives in our executive compensation package. The goal of our incentive plans is to focus executives on both short-term financial and strategic objectives, while ensuring their commitment to our long-term growth and stability. Our incentive plans tie financial awards to our financial and strategic success and the interests of our stockholders, and provide compensation in addition to annual base salary when warranted by corporate financial performance.

Annual Incentive Compensation

Each year, the PCC reviews and approves our financial objectives for both the company and its business units. The executive annual incentive bonus is tied to achieving those objectives. The better we perform relative to these objectives, the higher the incentive bonus payment.

The annual target incentive bonus typically is calculated as a percent of annual base pay for the performance year. The target percent for incentive compensation, like base salary, is determined through periodic benchmarking and review of the median level survey data provided by Willis Towers Watson. Annual incentive compensation represents an “at risk” component of the executive compensation package. Actual incentive bonus amounts are dependent upon performance against specific measurements and may vary from 0% to 200% of targeted amounts.

As a general principle, the portion of an executive’s compensation tied to incentive compensation increases with the executive’s level of responsibility. Thus, the chairman and chief executive officer’s annual incentive opportunity is greater than that of the other named executive officers. We targeted an annual incentive opportunity for the chairman and chief executive officer at 120% of base pay in 2023 based upon Willis Towers Watson survey data for comparably situated executives. The relationship of our incentive targets to market median comparisons as of year end is illustrated in the following table.

2024 Proxy Statement  31

Executive Compensation

For 2023, the PCC again aligned our incentives with our focus on improving growth of stockholder value through profitable revenue growth. Our 2023 annual incentive plan for corporate executives was based on achieving a combination of two financial measures, corporate EBIT of $733.5 million and corporate net sales of $3.853 billion. The goal of the plan was to keep our management focused on providing value to stockholders by incorporating both a profitability measure and a growth measure. Eighty percent (80%) of the incentive opportunity was based on EBIT and twenty percent (20%) on net sales. EBIT is calculated by subtracting our cost of goods sold and operating expenses from revenue before interest and taxes. Net sales is calculated by subtracting returns, allowances and discounts from gross sales. The PCC took into account market practice in the choice and number of measures, and we believe that limiting the net sales measure to twenty percent (20%) of the total incentive opportunity mitigates the risk of executives focusing on growth at the expense of profitability. We expect to use these financial measures for 2024.

We followed a similar approach for our business unit executives. As a business unit executive, seventy percent (70%) of Mr. Warren’s annual incentive will be based on two business unit-based measures: business unit PEBIT weighted at eighty percent (80%) and business unit net sales weighted at twenty percent (20%) of this portion. The balance of Mr. Warren’s annual incentive was linked to our corporate EBIT and corporate net sales goals.

We achieved 157.3% of the corporate EBIT incentive bonus target and 122.2% of the corporate net sales incentive bonus target, for an overall corporate bonus achievement of 150.3%. The North America Water Heating business unit achieved 177.9% of its PEBIT incentive bonus target and 154.5% of its net sales incentive target, with an overall achievement of 173.3%. Accordingly, the named executive officers were awarded incentive compensation bonuses set forth in the table below.

2023 Annual Incentive Awards

Long-Term Incentive Compensation

Long-term incentive compensation consists of restricted stock units, performance cash and performance stock, all of which are focused on ensuring sustained performance or achievement of strategic goals over a multi-year period. We believe strongly that equity-based long-term incentives effectively link the interests of senior management to the interests of our stockholders. The allocation of total value between each of the long-term incentive components may vary from year-to-year based on our focus, as determined by the PCC. The long-term incentive portion of an executive’s compensation is “at risk” and is dependent upon corporate performance and growth in stock value.

The stated purpose of the Combined Incentive Compensation Plan, which is the vehicle for awarding long-term incentives, is to provide compensation as an incentive to induce key employees to remain in our employ and to encourage them to secure or increase their stock ownership in our company or to otherwise align their interests with our stockholders. The Combined Incentive Compensation Plan motivates behavior through growth-related incentives to achieve long-range revenue and profitability goals.

The total target value of all long-term incentive components is compared to comparable positions in the marketplace. Again, the PCC utilizes Willis Towers Watson to assist in benchmarking against the median level of surveyed companies to determine market competitive long-term incentive targets for executive positions.

32  A. O. Smith Corporation

Executive Compensation

Based upon the analysis provided by Willis Towers Watson in October 2022, long-term incentive grants to our named executive officers were valued in the aggregate at 99% of market median.

The following table shows long-term incentive grants to named executive officers in 2023, and compares such grants to market median.

Emphasis on Performance-Based Awards

Prior to 2023, our long-term incentive awards consisted of stock options, restricted stock units and performance cash. In 2023, the PCC decided to align the makeup of the awards more closely with the market, which showed a decline in the prevalence of stock options in favor of performance-based awards. As such, we did not grant stock options and we introduced performance stock awards in 2023. Our approach is to structure our awards so that restricted stock units represent 50% of our long-term incentive awards, performance cash 35% and performance stock 15%. All three components have a financial or strategic performance metric associated with them.

Restricted stock units entitle the executive to receive a share of Common Stock for each unit when the restricted stock unit vests. Restricted stock units are time-based, but have a minimum performance threshold based on average Return on Equity that must be achieved in order to vest. The average Return on Equity is calculated by dividing net income by stockholder equity, adjusted to exclude certain extraordinary and nonrecurring items, averaged over the three-year vesting period. We use average Return on Equity because we believe it represents a sound measure of our performance that is easily recognized and readily used by investors and that links executive performance to stockholder interest over the three-year performance period of the award. The value to the executive of restricted stock units is dependent upon the value of our Common Stock at the time of vesting. Restricted stock units are used to provide a combination of retention value and incremental performance incentives. For 2023, the minimum average Return on Equity for restricted stock unit payouts was 5%.

Performance cash is valued at $100 per unit at the time of grant. The value to the executive is dependent upon ROIC performance over a three-year vesting period. The 2023 performance cash award uses ROIC to measure how effectively executives manage capital. The goal for achieving 100% of target is based on an average of the company’s last five years of ROIC achievement. The threshold and maximum performance levels are based on a market reference point: the five-year average of median ROIC for the S&P 500 Industrials Index. The threshold for achieving any payout is 125% of this reference point, and the maximum payout is achieved at 225% of the reference point. Target value payouts will be earned at 30.8% performance over the course of the measurement period and a maximum payout of 200% of target will be earned should we return 36% ROIC as a percent of the Cost of Capital between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2025. As with annual incentive compensation objectives, the PCC sets targets at levels that are difficult to achieve, but with the expectation they are attainable.

2024 Proxy Statement  33

Executive Compensation

Through December 2023, which includes one year of the three-year performance period, the performance cash granted in February 2023 had an estimated value of approximately 200% of target value. Through December 2023, which includes two years of the three-year performance period, the performance cash granted in February 2022 had an estimated value of approximately 121.8% of target value. Payout of the 2022 performance cash award will be based on performance of ROIC as a percent of cost of capital set for the three-year period of 2022-2024.

The 2023 performance stock has a three-year performance and vesting period with payout based on achievement of the company’s strategic greenhouse gas intensity reduction goal. This goal of a 10% reduction in intensity from the baseline set in 2019 by year-end 2025 was established in the company’s 2020 Corporate Responsibility & Sustainability Report. The threshold for receiving any shares is a 5% reduction in greenhouse gas intensity from the baseline, which provides 50% of the target shares. Achievement of a 10% reduction provides 100% of the target shares, and a reduction of 25% will provide the maximum number of shares at 150% of target. Recognizing that performance stock and the use of a strategic ESG goal are new to the executive team, the PCC set the value of this component at 15% of the total long-term incentive award amount.

Through December 2023, which includes one year of the three-year performance period, the performance stock granted in February 2023 had an estimated value of approximately 149.1% of shares granted.

At target, the combined value of the three components of executive long-term incentives (restricted stock units, performance cash and performance stock) should represent market median long-term incentive awards consistent with the Willis Towers Watson survey. Based upon the PCC’s October 2022 analysis, target long-term incentives for our named executive officers compared to market median are reflected on the table in the Long-Term Incentive Compensation discussion above.

2024 Long-Term Incentive Award

In 2024, the PCC will follow the same structure for the long-term incentive award as in 2023. The restricted stock unit and performance cash components of the 2024 long-term incentive award will comprise 50% and 35% of the award, respectively, with performance criteria set following the process outlined for the 2023 award.

The 2024 performance stock will again have a three-year performance period based on a strategic ESG goal and will constitute 15% of the total long-term incentive. The 2024 award will have a three-year performance period with payout based on achievement of the company’s water savings target. This target, defined as a 20-million-gallon savings in water usage by third quarter of 2026 from the baseline set using the 12 months ending September 30, 2023, is part of a longer-term water reduction target that will be outlined in the company’s 2024 ESG report. Water savings is reduction in water usage plus water recycled. Achievement of a 16-million-gallon reduction provides 100% of the target shares, and a reduction of 20-million-gallons will provide the maximum number of shares at 150% of target.

Payout of 2021-2023 Performance Cash

Performance cash awarded in February 2021 for the period 2021-2023 was paid in February 2024. This award was based upon ROIC as a percent of the Cost of Capital for the three-year period (2021-2023). The cash units originally were valued at $100 per unit. Based upon our performance during the measurement period, our ROIC exceeded the Cost of Capital by 535.1%, which resulted in the performance cash being paid out at 164.9% of the target value.

34  A. O. Smith Corporation

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Timing of Awards

Long-term incentive grants are awarded annually in February, shortly after earnings are released for the prior year. The chairman and chief executive officer has the authority to implement midyear equity grants as they relate to senior management employee promotions and new hires in order to align them as quickly as possible to stockholder interests and to make equity adjustments if circumstances warrant. This authority does not include midyear grants for executive officers.

Share Ownership Guidelines

We have developed share ownership guidelines requiring minimum levels of Common Stock accumulation and ownership, depending on the executive’s position. Current ownership guidelines applicable to current named executive officers are as follows, based on the average stock price in the prior year:

These ownership guidelines are targeted to be competitive with comparable positions in the marketplace. They also are intended to align executive interests with those of our stockholders. The PCC periodically monitors ownership guidelines to ensure they are consistent with the market and makes adjustments, as appropriate. Executives are expected to achieve these ownership guidelines within a reasonable period of time after becoming an executive at our company. Once achieved, the level of ownership must be maintained. Including granted but unvested restricted stock units, all named executive officers are in compliance with the ownership guidelines.

Consideration of Risk in Executive Compensation Plans

We believe our total compensation package mitigates unreasonable risk-taking by our senior executives. In this regard, we strike a balance between short-term and long-term cash and equity awards. A significant portion of our executives’ pay is linked to the achievement of financial goals directly aligned to stockholder interests: EBIT, net sales and ROIC as a Cost of Capital through 2022 awards and EBIT, net sales and ROIC beginning with 2023 awards. The competitive annual incentive plan rewards executives for achieving short-term performance targets, which keeps them focused on day-to-day business fundamentals. On the other hand, our long-term cash and equity awards incent executives to take a long-term view of our company and to assume reasonable risks to develop new products, explore new markets and expand existing businesses.

Further, our executives are stockholders with established share ownership guidelines requiring them to acquire and hold A. O. Smith stock. Their stock grants vest over three-year periods so they are incented to build stockholder value over time. Their performance cash awards also are subject to vesting over a three-year period, and their payout is tied to ROIC over the same period of time.

Our performance-based pay components are tied to company-wide results. We have implemented caps on our annual cash incentive plan, long-term performance cash and performance stock. Our equity programs limit and define the number of shares, but the value of the award is determined by the stock market at the time they vest or are exercised, which we believe provides a strong connection with stockholder interests.

The PCC reviewed the company’s annual and long-term incentive plans at the PCC’s July 2023 meeting. As a result of its review, the PCC concluded that our program is unlikely to place the company at material risk. In this regard, several of our current practices effectively mitigate risk and promote performance.

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As part of this process, the PCC reviewed the risk assessment conducted by management using the Willis Towers Watson methodology and discussed any changes over the last year that could impact risk. The PCC concluded that no plan changes were implemented in 2023 that would affect the existing risk profile of any of the plans.

In addition, we have implemented the Recoupment Policy for Incentive Compensation, which complies with the SEC’s and the NYSE’s clawback policy requirements and requires us to recover from executive officers incentive compensation erroneously awarded in the event of a material accounting restatement. We believe this policy, discussed in greater depth in the section of the Compensation Discussion and Analysis entitled, “Clawbacks – Recoupment Policy for Incentive Compensation,” mitigates the risk of a financial restatement by helping to ensure that our executive officers monitor and maintain the accuracy of our reported financial results and adhere to our Guiding Principles.

Executive Life Insurance

The A. O. Smith Executive Life Insurance Plan is a program intended to provide income security for a named beneficiary in the event of death. The plan generally provides a life insurance benefit equal to three times the executive’s annual base salary during employment and one times the annual base salary after retirement. We may at our discretion transfer ownership of the post-retirement policy equivalent of one times annual base salary to an executive upon retirement.

In 2019, the PCC reviewed and approved freezing and grandfathering the value of the active and post-retirement life insurance at the three times and one times levels described above for executives currently in the life insurance program. All new executives will be eligible for a life insurance benefit equal to two times annual base salary during employment.

Executive Retirement Benefits

The retirement plans provided to our executives are consistent with our philosophy of providing competitive retirement benefits for all employees in order to attract and retain critical talent, as well as ensure a secure retirement for employees who contributed to our success over a sustained period of time.

Executive retirement benefits are provided in one of two ways, depending on when the executive became eligible. Executives hired or promoted into a qualifying executive position prior to July 2010, are covered by a non-qualified supplemental executive retirement plan. This plan was intended to supplement a defined benefit plan that was closed to new entrants in 2010, stopped accruing benefits in 2014, and terminated in 2021. The non-qualified executive retirement plan was not terminated and benefits under the non-qualified plan will be paid following an executive participant’s termination of employment. The only executives in the non-qualified supplemental executive retirement plan are Messrs. Stern and Petrarca. Executives hired or promoted into a qualifying executive position after July 2010 do not participate in the supplemental executive retirement plan, but are eligible to participate in a defined contribution restoration plan described in the “Defined Contribution Retirement Savings Plan” section below. Messrs. Wheeler, Lauber and Warren participate in the defined contribution restoration plan.

A detailed discussion of terms of the defined benefit plans follows the “Pension Benefits” Table.

Defined Contribution Retirement Savings Plan

We have a defined contribution 401(k) plan, the A. O. Smith Retirement Security Plan, for all U.S. salaried employees, including the named executive officers. We contribute a 100% match on the first 1% of employee savings and a 50% match on the next 5% of employee savings. We also provide a company contribution under the A. O. Smith Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan to executives who contributed the maximum eligible tax-deferred employee contributions allowed by law to the 401(k) plan. The amount of the company contribution to the eligible executives under the Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan is the difference between the match the executive would have received without the restrictions placed on compensation eligible for contributions to the 401(k) plan by the Internal Revenue Code and the actual match received under the 401(k) plan.

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Under the A. O. Smith Retirement Security Plan, we also make an annual nonmatching company contribution to eligible employees of 3% of employee base salary and bonus up to the compensation limits specified in the Internal Revenue Code. Additionally, the A. O. Smith Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan includes a defined contribution restoration component for executives who are not eligible for the supplemental executive retirement plan. They receive an annual company contribution under the A. O. Smith Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan of 3% of pay (base plus bonus) based on pay above the Internal Revenue Code pay limit. Messrs. Wheeler, Lauber and Warren participate in this defined contribution restoration component.

A discussion of the A. O. Smith Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan, under which executives may elect to defer all or part of their salary, annual incentive bonus or restricted stock units, follows the “Non-qualified Deferred Compensation” table.

Executive Perquisites

We provide a perquisite allowance to our senior executives, paid semimonthly. In 2016, the PCC reviewed and approved freezing and grandfathering the value of the perquisite allowance at the current amount for executives currently in the perquisite allowance program. All new executives will be eligible for the executive physical program and reimbursement for tax planning and preparation services, but will not receive a semimonthly perquisite allowance. Perquisite allowances for the named executive officers are:

In addition to the grandfathered perquisite allowance, executives may receive executive physicals, reimbursement for spousal travel to Board or executive meetings, including, on an infrequent basis, spousal travel on the corporate aircraft for such purpose, occasional tickets to sporting events and other items of incidental value.

Severance Plan

The named executive officers participate in the A. O. Smith Senior Leadership Severance Plan (the “Plan”), which protects executives financially in the event of employment termination in circumstances identified in the Plan, including a change in control of our company. These protections help to ensure that executives will remain focused on managing our company in the event of a pending change in control or other circumstances. Furthermore, this Plan provides a more attractive compensation package when recruiting key talent. Lastly, instead of negotiating individual separation arrangements upon a termination, the PCC can ensure consistent and equitable treatment for all executives.

The Plan provides each executive with a cash severance (represented as a multiple of their annual cash compensation), medical benefit continuation and outplacement services. Additionally, vesting of long-term incentive awards is accelerated in certain cases. To be covered by the Plan, an executive must sign a noncompete, non-solicitation, assignment of inventions and confidentiality agreement. To receive these benefits, an executive must sign a release from future claims against our company. The Plan also provides for enhanced cash severance benefits upon a change in control, as discussed below. We do not have any individual employment agreements with named executive officers.

Tax Considerations

The PCC considers its primary goal to be the design of compensation strategies that further the economic interests of our company and stockholders.

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Executive Compensation

Under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, any compensation that we pay pursuant to compensation arrangements, even if performance-based, counts towards the $1,000,000 deduction limit. To maintain flexibility in compensating executive officers in a manner designed to promote varying corporate goals, we anticipate that some of the compensation that we provide to our executive officers may not be deductible.

Prohibition on Hedging and Pledging

We have a policy that prohibits all directors, officers and employees from entering into transactions that hedge or pledge our company’s securities. Without limitation, the prohibition on hedging includes the purchase of any financial instruments (including prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars, and exchange funds), or otherwise engaging in transactions, that hedge or offset, or are designed to hedge or offset, any decrease in the market value of our company’s securities.

Clawbacks – Recoupment Policy for Executive Compensation

On October 9, 2023, the PCC approved a Recoupment Policy for Incentive Compensation that complies with the SEC’s and NYSE’s clawback policy requirements under section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (“Dodd-Frank Act”) by requiring us to recover incentive-based compensation erroneously awarded to executive officers due to material accounting restatements. The policy also provides the company with discretion to recover incentive compensation beyond SEC and NYSE requirements in two ways: (i) it can be applied globally to all employees who receive equity-based incentive compensation under the company’s Combined Incentive Compensation Plan in the event of a material accounting restatement, and (ii) it can be applied globally to all employees who engage in any conduct or have direct knowledge that another person has engaged in any conduct that is materially adverse to the company and fails to take appropriate action on the basis of such knowledge. The conduct described in (ii) includes, but is not limited to, conduct that warrants or could warrant the covered employee’s dismissal; or is a violation of the company’s Guiding Principles, or any law, regulation or listing standard, whether or not such detrimental conduct results in criminal prosecution or sanctions against the covered employee.

The PCC believes that implementing this policy for all awards issued under our various incentive plans, including our Combined Incentive Compensation Plan, is important to help ensure that our executive officers monitor and maintain the accuracy of our reported financial results and comply with all regulations and our code of conduct. Further, the PCC believes that this policy aligns our executive officers’ compensation with our interests in ensuring full compliance with financial reporting requirements to which we are subject as a public company and our commitment to conduct business in compliance with all legal requirements and our Guiding Principles. We believe this policy will further align our executive compensation programs with our core compensation philosophy and objectives by tying payments on performance awards and annual incentive compensation to actual achieved financial results of our company and our culture of compliance, which will further serve our long-term objective of aligning compensation of our executive officers with the interests of our stockholders.

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Summary Compensation Table

The Summary Compensation Table reflects information concerning compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our chairman and chief executive officer, chief financial officer and other named executive officers during fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021.

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Components of 2023 All Other Compensation